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Headache (Migraine, Tension Headaches)

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Overview Types of Headache Symptoms Causes Treatment Options Prevention FAQ
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Overview
Types of Headache
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment Options
Prevention
FAQ

Overview

Headaches are one of the most common pain complaints seen at GP clinics in Singapore. Most headaches are primary: meaning they are not caused by an underlying disease. The most common types are tension-type headache and migraine. At DR+, our GPs with specialised training in pain management provide a comprehensive headache assessment to identify the underlying cause and develop a personalised, non-surgical treatment plan.

What Are Headaches?

Headaches are a common health complaint, characterised by pain in any region of the head. They may occur on one or both sides of the head, be isolated to a certain location, radiate across the head from one point, or have a viselike quality. It could appear as a sharp pain, a throbbing sensation, or a dull ache, and can develop gradually or suddenly. The frequency of headaches varies among individuals, with some experiencing headaches occasionally, while others experiencing them more regularly.

What Are the Types of Headaches?

Headaches are broadly classified into two categories: primary and secondary.

Primary Headaches

Primary headaches are not symptoms of another medical condition. Common types include:

  • Tension Headaches: These are the most prevalent type of primary headaches. It presents as a constant ache or pressure around the head, especially at the temples or back of the head and neck. Tension headaches do not usually cause nausea or vomiting.
  • Migraines: These are characterised by a pulsating, throbbing pain on one side of the head, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. They can last for hours to days and can affect daily activities.
  • Cluster Headaches: These are marked by severe, piercing pain around one eye or on one side of the face. These headaches occur in groups, or “clusters,” and each headache can last from 15 minutes to three hours.

Secondary Headaches

These are symptomatic of another condition that stimulates the pain-sensitive nerves of the head. Examples include headaches associated with a stroke, brain tumour, or hypothyroidism.

What Are the Symptoms of Headache? 

Primary Headache

Symptoms of migraines include pulsating or throbbing pain on one side of the head, sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smells and touch, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and occasionally lightheadedness that could lead to fainting.

Tension headaches typically involve a dull, aching head pain with a sensation of tightness or pressure across the forehead or on the sides and back of the head. It could also lead to tenderness on the scalp, neck, and shoulder muscles.

Symptoms of cluster headaches include intense burning or piercing pain behind or around one eye, watery eye, and nasal congestion on the same side as the pain.

Secondary Headache

Secondary headaches exhibit symptoms that vary based on the underlying cause, such as fever, neck stiffness, or sinus pressure, in addition to the typical headache pain.

When to Seek Urgent Medical Attention 

Seek emergency care immediately for: a sudden thunderclap headache (the worst headache of your life, reaching maximum intensity within seconds), headache with fever, stiff neck, and rash (possible meningitis), headache with sudden weakness, vision loss, or speech difficulty (possible stroke), headache following a head injury, and progressive headache worsening over days or weeks in someone over 50. These require emergency neurological assessment.

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What Are the Causes and Risk Factors of Headache?

Primary Headaches

The specific causes of tension headaches and migraines are not known. They may be caused by overactivity or problems with pain-sensitive structures in the head, with triggers including:

  • Genetic factors: Migraines can be hereditary.
  • Stress: This is commonly associated with tension headaches.
  • Environmental Triggers: Such as lights, sounds, and strong smells.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Including poor posture, lack of sleep, skipped meals, or alcohol use.

Cluster headaches may be caused by abnormalities in the hypothalamus or the sudden release of the chemical histamine.

Secondary Headaches

Secondary headaches are symptoms of another condition that activates the pain-sensitive nerves of the head. Causes include:

  • Stroke
  • Brain tumour
  • Aneurysm
  • Infections, such as meningitis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Sinus infections, which lead to sinus headaches
  • Head injury or concussion
  • High blood pressure
  • Medication overuse or side effects
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Pregnancy

What Are the Treatment Options for Headache?

Pain Medication

This involves the use of medications such as Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and other specialised medications designed for pain management. The type and dosage are tailored to the individual’s condition and medical history.

Myospan

Minimally invasive treatments aim to effectively relieve common pain conditions by targeting pain sources.

  • Coreflex Injections: Typically contain a corticosteroid and are used for inflamed joints or tissues.
  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injections: Utilise own platelets to promote healing in damaged tissues.
  • Intra-Articular Injections: Most commonly used to treat osteoarthritis in the hip or knee, but they can also be given in other joints, including shoulders, wrists, ankles, hands, and fingers.

For chronic pain conditions originating from spinal issues, Neurospan can be performed by our team of pain specialists from Singapore Paincare Center.

When Should You See a Doctor for Headache?

Not all cases need immediate medical attention, but some situations do. See a DR+ doctor if your condition:

  • Headaches occurring more than 4 days per month
  • Headaches severe enough to disrupt work, sleep, or daily function
  • A change in your usual headache pattern
  • Headache requiring painkiller use more than 10-15 days per month
  • Headache with associated neurological symptoms (vision changes, weakness, numbness)
  • Headache starting after age 50 without a prior history

Our Doctors

Our doctors are experienced in assessing different types of headaches, including tension headaches, migraine, and other conditions that may cause recurring or persistent head pain. Through a comprehensive clinical assessment, they help identify possible triggers and underlying causes, guiding appropriate treatment or referral when necessary.

All DR+ doctors undergo additional training through the Singapore Paincare Academy, equipping them with additional knowledge in pain management approaches that may be used in selected headache cases. These treatments aim to help reduce pain frequency and intensity, while supporting better day-to-day function and quality of life.

Dr. Chee Hsing Gary Andrew

Dr. Chee Hsing Gary Andrew

DR+ Medical & Paincare Upper Thomson
Dr Jeffrey Loh

Dr. Jeffrey Loh

DR+ Medical & Paincare Marsiling
Dr. Lee Peng Khow

Dr. Lee Peng Khow

DR+ Medical & Paincare Upper Thomson
Dr. James Lee Kok Yew

Dr. James Lee Kok Yew

DR+ Medical Paincare Clinic (Kovan)
Dr. Xavier Chia

Dr. Xavier Chia

DR+ Medical & Paincare Bishan
Dr Moses Lam

Dr. Moses Lam

DR+ Medical & Paincare Hougang
Dr Kwong Seh Meng

Dr. Kwong Seh Meng

DR+ Medical & Paincare East Coast
Dr. Caleb Seet Yu Shiang

Dr. Caleb Seet Yu Shiang

DR+ Medical & Paincare Alexandra
Dr. Seah Heap Yong

Dr. Seah Heap Yong

DR+ Medical & Paincare Selegie
DR. ROSIE, CHEN RUITING

Dr. Rosie Chen

DR+ Medical & Paincare Boon Lay
Dr Farah Khairi

Dr. Farah Khairi

DR+ Medical & Paincare Telok Blangah (Coming Soon)

How Can You Prevent Headache?

Preventing headaches involves a combination of lifestyle changes, identifying and avoiding triggers, and, in some cases, preventive medications.

  • Lifestyle Modifications: Regular physical activity, adequate sleep, staying hydrated, balanced meals, and stress management can reduce the frequency and severity of headaches.
  • Avoiding Triggers: Identify and avoid individual triggers, such as certain foods, drinks, or environmental factors.
  • Stress Management: Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and relaxation training can help manage stress, which is a common trigger for tension headaches.
  • Posture and Ergonomics: Maintain good posture and set up a work environment that does not strain the neck.
  • Regular Schedule: Keeping a consistent sleep schedule and eating meals at regular times can help reduce the likelihood of headaches.
  • Preventive Medications: These may be prescribed to those who experience frequent or severe headaches. Preventative medications should be taken regularly to achieve optimal efficacy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a migraine and a tension headache?

Migraines typically present as a pulsating or throbbing pain on one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Tension headaches are characterised by a dull, aching pain across the forehead or on the sides and back of the head.

Can headaches be a sign of something more serious?

While most headaches are not indicative of a serious medical condition, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. These include a sudden, severe headache, a headache accompanied by fever, stiff neck, rash, confusion, seizure, double vision, weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.

How can I tell if my headache is due to stress?

Stress-related headaches, often tension-type, are typically characterised by a dull, aching pain and a sensation of tightness or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck.

Are headaches hereditary?

Certain types of headaches, particularly migraines, can have a genetic component. If family members suffer from migraines, there is an increased chance of developing them.

Can lifestyle changes help prevent headaches?

Yes, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, adequate hydration, a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and stress management can reduce the frequency and severity of headaches.

Is it necessary to see a doctor for headaches?

Consult a doctor if headaches are severe, frequent, or interfering with daily life. If there is a change in the pattern of headaches or if they are accompanied by other symptoms like visual disturbances or nausea, notify your doctor immediately.

How long do migraines last?

Migraines can last 4 to 72 hours if untreated. Early medication and trigger control can shorten attacks and reduce recurrence. 

Can high blood pressure cause headaches?

Only very high blood pressure tends to cause headaches. Most daily headaches are due to other factors such as stress, fatigue, or poor posture. If headaches occur frequently, consult a doctor to rule out underlying causes.

Can dehydration cause headaches?

Yes, dehydration is a common trigger. Drinking sufficient fluids helps prevent headaches caused by tension or heat exposure.

Can stress cause headaches?

Yes, stress is one of the most common triggers for tension headaches and migraines. Regular exercise, relaxation techniques, and adequate rest can help reduce their frequency and intensity.

Our Clinics

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Image DR+ Alex 3_low res

DR+ Medical & Paincare Alexandra
321 Alexandra Road #01-05 Alexandra Central Mall Singapore 159971
+65 6322 7350
+65 8014 0175 (No calls, WhatsApp only)
  • Mon & Tue: 9am to 1pm, 2pm to 4pm, 6:30pm to 9:30pm
  • Wed, Thu & Fri: 9am to 1pm, 2pm to 5pm
  • Sat: 9am to 1pm
  • Closed on Sun & PH
  • (Kindly note that clinic’s last registration is 15 minutes before closing time.)
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Image east coast

DR+ Medical & Paincare East Coast
146 East Coast Rd, Singapore 428835
+65 6320 0116
+65 8911 7225 (No calls, WhatsApp only)
  • Mon & Thu: 8:00am – 2:00pm, 6:00pm – 9:00pm
  • Tue, Wed & Fri: 8:00am – 2:00pm
  • Sat: 8:00am – 12:00pm
  • Sun: 10:00am – 1:00pm
  • PH: Closed
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Image DR+ Medical & Paincare Hougang_New

DR+ Medical & Paincare Hougang
1187 Upper Serangoon Road
#01-54 The Midtown, Singapore 533971
+65 6320 0118
  • Mon & Tue:  8:00am – 12:30pm, 1:30pm – 5:00pm, 6:00pm – 9:00pm
  • Wed: 8:00am – 12:30pm, 6:00pm – 9:00pm
  • Thu: 8:00am – 12:30pm, 1:30pm – 5:00pm
  • Fri: 8:00am – 12:30pm, 6:00pm – 9:00pm
  • Sat: 8:00am – 12:00pm
  • Sun & PH: Closed
(Kindly note that clinic’s last registration is 15 minutes before closing time.)

 

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Image kovan

DR+ Medical Paincare Clinic (Kovan)
Stars of Kovan, #01-07
988 Upper Serangoon Rd, Singapore 534733
+65 6908 6570
+65 8042 0134 (No calls, WhatsApp only)
  • Mon to Fri: 8:30am – 2:30pm, 6:00pm – 10:00pm
  • Sat & Sun: 8:30am – 12:30pm
  • PH: Closed
  • (Kindly note that clinic’s last registration is 15 minutes before closing time.)
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Image marsiling

DR+ Medical & Paincare Marsiling
18 Marsiling Lane, #01-269
Singapore 730018
+65 6269 7435
  • Mon: 8:00am – 9:00pm
  • Tue – Fri: 8:00am – 4:30pm, 7:00pm – 9:00pm
  • Sat: 8:00am – 12:30pm
  • Sun & PH: Closed
  • Kindly note that clinic’s last registration is 15 minutes before closing time.
  • (Last registration timing – Mon: 8:45pm, Tue – Fri: 4:15pm & 8:45pm, Sat: 12:15pm)
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DR+ Medical & Paincare Upper Thomson
200 Upper Thomson Road, #01-11
Thomson Imperial Court, Singapore 574424
+65 6250 2692
+65 8804 3211 (No calls, WhatsApp only)
  • Mon to Wed: 8:30am – 10:00pm
  • Thu: 8:30am – 3:00pm, 6:00pm-9:30pm
  • Fri: 8:30am – 6:00pm
  • Sat & Sun: 9:00am – 3:00pm
  • PH: Closed
  • (Kindly note that clinic’s last registration is 15 minutes before closing time.)
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DR+ Medical & Paincare Ang Mo Kio

DR+ Medical & Paincare Ang Mo Kio
529 Ang Mo Kio Ave 10, #01-2353, Singapore 560529
+65 6312 3164
  • Mon, Wed & Fri: 8:30am – 12:30pm, 1:30pm – 4:30pm, 6:00pm – 9:00pm
  • Tue & Thu: 8:30am – 12:30pm, 1:30pm – 4:30pm
  • Sat: 8:30am – 12:30pm
  • Closed on Sun & PH
  • (Kindly note that clinic’s last registration is 15 minutes before closing time.)
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